Major nerves of upper limb

        The major nerve of the upper limb

 

                                       1. Median nerve 

            

                                       2. Radial nerve

                                       3. Ulnar nerve 

                                      4. Axillary nerve 

    Note - ( revision purpose only 👍)

                1. Median nerve -

                                                   the median nerve originates from ventral rami of  C5, C6, and C7 spinal segment (lateral and medial root)                                                                                                                                                                                                        `, this nerve supplied the all flexor muscles except flexor carpi ulnaris 

            

              . The course of the median nerve -

                                                           After originating from the spinal segment, it passes from teres major muscles and  crosses the brachial artery medial to lateral side than on the middle of the arm it crosses laterally to the medial side and enter the cubital fossa and give superficial branch and passes from the pronator teres  muscles it supplies the deep flexor muscles  and terminates into lateral 3/2 of the palmar surface

                         .  Branches of the median nerve 

 

              

        APPLIED ASPECT OF MEDIAN NERVE 

                  Carpal tunnel syndrome - 

                                                                                         it is caused by compression of the median nerve and it consists of a motor (loss of opposition of thumb), sensory (loss sensation on lateral 3/2 of hand), and trophic changes  

                           

        Ape thumb deformity - loss of opposition 

          

                   

                2. Radial nerve 

                                                             

                                                             The radial nerve is the extensor nerve of the upper limb, it originates from C8 - TI segment of the spinal cord 

              .   The course of Radial nerve - 

                                                              radial nerve arises from the C8 and T1 segment and crosses the teres major muscles and enter the spiral groove posterior surface of the humerus and enter the cubital fossa  and give superficial branch  and deep branch give supply to the deep extensors, it terminates into the lateral 1/3 of dorsal palmar segments 

   

          . Branches of Radial nerve - 

            

             .   APPLIED ASPECT -

          

                                          Complete claw  hand -  it is caused by injury in the lower trunk of brachial plexus  which supply intrinsic muscles of the hand  ( metacarpophalangeal joint are extended and interphalangeal joint are flexed compress of radial and median nerve 

                 Wrist drop -

                                      it is caused by paralysis of the radial nerve  in the axilla    or the radial sulcus leads to wrist drop                                                                                                   

                     3.   Ulnar nerve -  

                                                       Ulnar nerve  arises from the  middle cord of (C8, T1 spinal segment) it is supplied in the medial compartment of the forearm and terminates into the little and 1/2 ring finger

                                                                                   

             APPLIED - 

                         CLAW HAND -                 In ulnar nerve deformity, compression  in wrist, flexion of medial two interphalangeal joint  and extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint on the medial side 

    .  loss of abduction and adduction of the little finger 

 

   .  flattening of hypothenar muscles  

   . foment's sign positive 

                     

      4.  Axillary nerve - Arises from (C7 spinal segment )

   

                     it supplies the deltoid ( shoulder muscles ) 

 

              

  

      APPLIED -

                                      Axillary nerve deformity due to the inferior dislocation of the humerus at the shoulder joint, loss of abduction of shoulder joint